二〇、夢想與理想
(三月八日)
夢想作大事業(yè),人或笑之,以為無益。其實不然。天下多少事業(yè),皆起于一二人之夢想。今日大患,在于無夢想之人耳。
嘗謂歐人長處在敢于理想。其理想所凝集,往往托諸“烏托邦”(Utopia)。柏拉圖之 Republic (《理想國》),倍根之 New Atlantis (《新亞特蘭蒂斯》),穆爾(Thomas More)之Utopia(《烏托邦》),圣阿格司?。╯t. Augustine)之 City of God (《上帝城》),康德之 Kingdom of Ends (《論萬物之終結》)及其 Eternal Peace (《太平論》),皆烏托邦也。烏托邦者,理想中之至治之國,雖不能至,心響往焉。今日科學之昌明,有遠過倍根夢想中之《郅治國》者,三百年間事耳。今日之民主政體雖不能如康德所期,然有非柏拉圖兩千四百年前所能夢及者矣。七十年前(一八四二),詩人鄧耐生有詩云:
Far I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see,
Saw the vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be;
Saw the heavens with commerce, argosies of magic sails,
Pilot of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales;
Heard the heavens fill with shouting, and there rain'd a ghastly dew
From the nations' airy navies grappling in the central blue;
Far along the world-wide whisper of the south wind rushing warm,
With the standards of the peoples plunging through the thunderstorm;
Till the war-drum throbb'd no longer, and the battle-flags were furl'd
In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the World.
— Locksley Hall
〔中譯〕
吾曾探究未來,憑眼極力遠眺,
望見世界之遠景,望見將會出現之種種奇跡;
看到空中貿易不斷,玄妙之航隊穿梭往來,
駕紫色暮靄之飛行者紛紛降落,攜帶昂貴之貨品;
聽到天上充滿吶喊聲,交戰(zhàn)各國之艦隊在藍天中央廝殺,
降下一陣可怖之露水;
同時,在遍及全世界之和煦南風奏響之颯颯聲中,
在雷電之轟鳴聲中,各民族之軍旗勇往直前;
直到鳴金收兵,直到戰(zhàn)旗息偃,
息偃在全人類之議會里,在全世界之聯邦里。
——《洛克斯利田莊》
在當時句句皆夢想也。而七十年來,前數句皆成真境,獨末二語未驗耳。然吾人又安知其果不能見諸實際乎?
天下無不可為之事,無不可見諸實際之理想。電信也,電車也,汽機也,無線電也,空中飛行也,海底戰(zhàn)斗也,皆數十年前夢想所不及者也,今都成實事矣。理想家念此可以興矣。
吾國先秦諸子皆有烏托邦:老子、莊子、列子皆懸想一郅治之國;孔子之小康大同,尤為卓絕古今。漢儒以還,思想滯塞,無敢作烏托邦之想者,而一國之思想遂以不進。吾之以烏托邦之多寡,卜思想之盛衰,有以也夫!