一三、日英盟約

（八月十七日）

Agreement of alliance between the United Kingdom and Japan.

Signed at London, July 13, 1911

Preamble:

The government of Great Britain and the government of Japan, having in view the important changes which have taken place in the situation since the conclusion of the Anglo-Japanese agreement of the 12th of August, 1905, and believing that a revision of that agreement responding to such changes would contribute to general stability and repose, have agreed upon the following stipulations to replace the agreement above mentioned, such stipulations having the same object as the said agreement, namely:

（a）The consolidation and maintenance of the general peace in the regions of Eastern Asia and India.

（b）The preservation of the common interests of all powers in China by insuring the independence and integrity of the Chinese empire and the principle of equal opportunities for the commerce and industry of all nations in China.

（c）The maintenance of the territorial rights of the high contracting parties in the regions of Eastern Asia and India, and the defense of their special interests in the said regions.

Article I

It is agreed that whenever, in the opinion of either Great Britain or Japan, any of the rights and interests referred to in the preamble of this agreement are in jeopardy, the two governments will communicate with one another fully and frankly and will consider in common, the measures which should be taken to safeguard those menaced rights or interests.

Article Ⅱ

If by reason of unprovoked attack or aggressive action. whenever arising, on the part of any Power or Powers, either high contracting party should be involved in war in defense of its territorial rights or special interests mentioned in the preamble of this agreement, the other high contracting party will at once come to assistance of its ally and will conduct the war in common and make peace in mutual agreement with it.

Article Ⅲ

The high contracting parties agree that neither of them will, without consulting the other, enter into separate arrangements with another Power to the prejudice of the objects described in the preamble of this agreement.

Article IV

Should either high contracting party conclude a treaty of general arbitration with a third power, it is agreed that nothing in this agreement shall entail upon such contracting party an obligation to go to war with the power with whom such treaty of arbitration is in force.

Article V

The condition under which armed assistance shall be afforded by either power to the other in the circumstances mentioned in the present agreement and the means by which such assistance is to be made available will be arranged by the naval and military authorities of the high contracting parties, who will from time to time consult one another fully and freely upon all questions of mutual interest.

Article Ⅵ

The present agreement shall come into effect immediately after the date of its signature, and remain in force for ten years from that date.

In case neither of the high contracting parties should have notified twelve months before the expiration of the said ten years the intention of terminating it, it shall remain binding until the expiration of one year from the day on which either of the high contracting parties shall have denounced it. But, if when the date fixed for its expiration arrives, either ally is actually engaged in war, the alliance shall ipso facto continue until peace is concluded.

Signed,E. GREY,Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.TAKAAKI KATO,Ambassador Extraordinary.The foregoing is the latest, revised text and the one at present in operation.

〔中譯〕

日英盟約（1911年7月13日簽于倫敦）

前　言

大英帝國(guó)政府和日本政府鑒于自1905年8月12日日英盟約簽訂以來(lái)，形勢(shì)已發(fā)生了重要的變化，認(rèn)為為適應(yīng)形勢(shì)變化而對(duì)于上述盟約進(jìn)行修改，將有助于促進(jìn)地區(qū)安定與和平。因此達(dá)成協(xié)議簽訂如下條款以取代前述之盟約，此條款的宗旨與前述盟約一致，即：

（a）鞏固和維持東亞與印度地區(qū)的和平。

（b）在確保中華帝國(guó)的獨(dú)立與完整的前提下保護(hù)列強(qiáng)在華的共同利益，并堅(jiān)持各國(guó)在華工業(yè)和貿(mào)易機(jī)會(huì)均等的原則。

（c）維護(hù)在東亞及印度等地區(qū)締約各國(guó)的領(lǐng)土權(quán)利及保護(hù)在上述地區(qū)它們的特殊利益。

第一條

大英帝國(guó)及日本一致同意，當(dāng)此盟約前言中所提及的任何權(quán)益受到威脅時(shí)，兩國(guó)政府將徹底坦誠(chéng)地交換意見(jiàn)，并考慮采取共同步驟以保護(hù)上述受到危害的權(quán)利和利益。

第二條

一旦發(fā)生了非因觸犯而發(fā)生的攻擊或侵略行為，就任何強(qiáng)國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，締約國(guó)一方為了保衛(wèi)其領(lǐng)土的權(quán)利及在本盟約前言中所提及的特殊利益而卷入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，則締約另一方必須立即協(xié)助其盟國(guó)共同參戰(zhàn)以達(dá)致盟約中所訂之共同和平。

第三條

締約雙方均同意，任何一方在未與對(duì)方商定的情況下不得與任何強(qiáng)國(guó)單獨(dú)達(dá)成協(xié)議以損害在本盟約前言中所提及之宗旨。

第四條

締約任一方一旦與第三國(guó)達(dá)成仲裁協(xié)議，則此條約不應(yīng)使此締約國(guó)承擔(dān)任何義務(wù)去與此仲裁條約對(duì)之生效的國(guó)家宣戰(zhàn)。

第五條

此條約所提及的各種情況一旦發(fā)生，締約一方應(yīng)向另一方提供行之有效的軍事援助，援助的條件及方式應(yīng)由各締約國(guó)的海軍及軍事當(dāng)局來(lái)安排。各締約國(guó)在此期間均應(yīng)就關(guān)系到雙方利益的問(wèn)題不斷進(jìn)行磋商。

第六條

此條約自簽字之日起立即生效，有效期為十年。

如果締約雙方在上述十年有效期滿(mǎn)之前十二個(gè)月沒(méi)有宣告廢除此條約的意圖，那么此條約將繼續(xù)對(duì)締約各方具有約束力，直至締約各方宣告廢除此條約之日起一年期滿(mǎn)為止。又如果此指定的期滿(mǎn)之日到來(lái)之際，有任一方仍處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)之時(shí)，盟約仍繼續(xù)生效直至達(dá)成和平之日為止。

英國(guó)外相　E. GREY（簽名）日本特命大使 TAKAAKI KATO（簽名）

以上是最新的經(jīng)過(guò)修改的條文，目前已生效。

上載為日英盟約（一九一一年修正）之全稿。其第二條即所謂攻守同盟之約也。其第四條甚可玩味，所謂“仲裁”之約之功用，即此可見(jiàn)一斑。