梨優(yōu)質(zhì)豐產(chǎn)栽培實用技術(shù)

Contents 
Chapter 1 General ……………………………………………………………… 1 
Section 1 Economic Significance of Pear Cultivation ………………………… 1 
Section 2 History and Current Situation of Pear Cultivation ………………… 1 
Section 3 Problems and Developing Trends in Pear Production ……………… 2 
Chapter 2 Superior Cultivars ………………………………………………… 5 
Section 1 Classification of Pears Cultivated in China ………………………… 5 
Section 2 Superior Cultivars ………………………………………………… 6 
Section 3 Cultivar Selection ………………………………………………… 25 
Chapter 3 Growth and Fruiting Habits …………………………………… 27 
Section 1 Characteristics of Roots ………………………………………… 27 
Section 2 Characteristics of Buds, Branches, and Leaves ………………… 34 
Section 3 Flower Bud Diff erentiation ……………………………………… 44 
Section 4 Flowering and Fruiting ………………………………………… 46 
Section 5 Development of Fruits …………………………………………… 48 
Section 6 Requirements for Environmental Conditions …………………… 49 
Chapter 4 Nursery Techniques …………………………………………… 53 
Section 1 Types and Selection of Rootstock ……………………………… 53 
Section 2 Nursery Techniques …………………………………………… 56 
Section 3 Breeding of Dwarfing and Virus-free Seedlings ………………… 69 
Section 4 Top Grafting for Growing Superior Cultivars …………………… 70 
Chapter 5 Orchard Construction Techniques …………………………… 73 
Section 1 Selections of Orchard Land ……………………………………… 73 
Section 2 Orchard Planning and Setting …………………………………… 77 
Section 3 Planting of Pear ………………………………………………… 84 
Chapter 6 Nutrient, Soil, Fertilizer, and Water Management Techniques 
for Pear Trees ………………………………………………… 89 
Section 1 Nutrient Elements for Pear Trees ………………………………… 89 
Section 2 Soil Management Techniques for Pear Orchard ………………… 95 
Section 3 Fertilizer Requirement Characteristics of Pear Trees and 
Scientific Fertilization …………………………………………… 121 
Section 4 Irrigation and Drainage ………………………………………… 147 
Chapter 7 Trimming and Pruning of Pear Trees ………………………… 152 
Section 1 The Principle and Function of Trimming and Pruning of 
Pear Trees ………………………………………………………… 152 
Section 2 The Basis, Time, and Method of Trimming and Pruning for 
Pear Trees ………………………………………………………… 158 
Section 3 Trimming Characteristics of Pear Trees and Requirement for 
High-yield Tree Shapes ………………………………………… 169 
Section 4 Main Tree Shapes of Pear Trees ………………………………… 173 
Section 5 Method of Pruning ……………………………………………… 180 
Section 6 Innovation of Trimming and Pruning Technology for Pear Trees … 184 
Chapter 8 Flower and Fruit Management ………………………………… 188 
Section 1 Pollination Promotion and Fruit Setting Rate Improvement …… 188 
Section 2 Frost Prevention during Anthesis ………………………………… 190 
Section 3 Blossom and Fruit Thinning …………………………………… 191 
Section 4 Fruit Bagging …………………………………………………… 194 
Section 5 Harvesting, Packaging, and Transport of Fruits ………………… 196 
Chapter 9 Top Grafting for Growing Superior Cultivars ………………… 200 
Section 1 Top Grafting Period ……………………………………………… 200 
Section 2 Treatment of Top Grafting Trees ………………………………… 200 
Section 3 Grafting ………………………………………………………… 201 
Section 4 Post-grafting Management ……………………………………… 201 
Chapter 10 Integrated Control Technology for Diseases and Pests 
on Pear Trees ………………………………………………… 203 
Section 1 Occurrence and Infection of Diseases on Fruit Trees …………… 203 
Section 2 Identification and Retrieval of Fruit Tree Diseases ……………… 214 
Section 3 Identification of Fruit Tree Pests ………………………………… 226 
Section 4 Scientific Control Technology for Diseases and Pests 
on Fruit Trees …………………………………………………… 230 
Section 5 Pear Diseases and Control ……………………………………… 256 
Section 6 Pear Pests and Control …………………………………………… 274 
Section 7 Physiological Diseases of Pear Trees …………………………… 315 
Appendixes …………………………………………………………………… 325 
References …………………………………………………………………… 352