調強放療中計算機應用技術研究

第1 章 引言······················································································1
1.1 研究背景及意義······································································1
1.1.1 癌癥的嚴重危害·····························································1
1.1.2 癌癥的治療方法·····························································3
1.1.3 放療對于癌癥治療的貢獻················································4
1.1.4 放療技術發(fā)展的巨大潛力················································5
1.2 放療技術的發(fā)展歷史································································8
1.2.1 初級放療時代································································8
1.2.2 常規(guī)放療時代································································9
1.2.3 精準放療時代································································9
1.2.4 小結·········································································.10
1.3 計算機應用技術對調強放療技術的支撐作用·······························.11
第2 章 放療中的硬件及放療計劃系統(tǒng)·················································.13
2.1 放療的分類·········································································.13
2.1.1 基本概念···································································.13
2.1.2 放療設備···································································.17
2.1.3 照射方式···································································.28
2.1.4 放療目的···································································.32
2.1.5 放療手段和技術··························································.33
2.1.6 劑量分割方式·····························································.37
2.2 放療的生物學原理································································.38
2.3 調強放療的步驟···································································.40
2.4 調強放療中的射線調制設備····················································.43
2.5 逆向計劃系統(tǒng)······································································.45
第3 章 調強放療中的規(guī)劃問題···························································.48
3.1 正向調強規(guī)劃和逆向調強規(guī)劃·················································.48
3.1.1 正向調強規(guī)劃·····························································.48
3.1.2 逆向調強規(guī)劃·····························································.49
3.2 調強放療中的數學優(yōu)化問題····················································.49
3.3 劑量計算模型和相關描述·······················································.50
3.4 放療計劃系統(tǒng)中的可行性問題·················································.51
3.5 調強放療中的規(guī)劃模型··························································.51
3.5.1 線性和非線性規(guī)劃模型················································.51
3.5.2 放射生物學模型··························································.53
3.5.3 劑量體積約束模型·······················································.56
3.5.4 劑量體積約束優(yōu)化問題················································.60
3.5.5 規(guī)范化距離信息排序···················································.63
3.5.6 混合整數規(guī)劃模型·······················································.68
3.5.7 多目標規(guī)劃模型··························································.69
3.5.8 照射角度選擇優(yōu)化模型················································.72
第4 章 通量圖的平滑方法·································································.75
4.1 通量圖的生成和調制·····························································.75
4.2 通量圖的平滑······································································.78
4.3 圖像去噪原理······································································.79
4.4 基于機器跳數的平滑方法·······················································.83
4.4.1 基于圖像處理的平滑方法存在的問題······························.83
4.4.2 基于多葉準直器的靜態(tài)調強放療的劑量調制過程···············.84
4.4.3 無葉片碰撞約束的模型················································.87
4.4.4 后驅葉片同步約束模型················································.88
4.4.5 前驅葉片同步約束模型················································.90
4.4.6 前后葉片中心時長同步模型··········································.91
4.4.7 舌槽欠劑量效應的直接約束··········································.94
4.4.8 帶葉片碰撞約束的模型················································.95
4.5 雙向葉片運動通量圖平滑模型·················································.96
4.5.1 雙向葉片運動通量圖平滑模型介紹·································.96
4.5.2 實驗及結果分析······················································