數(shù)實共生：工業(yè)化數(shù)字孿生實戰(zhàn)

第一篇
定義數(shù)字孿生體
第 1 章 數(shù)字孿生體簡介............................................ 003
1.1　數(shù)字孿生體的歷史.........................................................004
1.1.1　數(shù)字孿生體概念的起源 ........................................................005
1.1.2　數(shù)字孿生體的定義 ...............................................................008
1.1.3　數(shù)字孿生體的類型 ...............................................................011
1.1.4　數(shù)字孿生體的特征 ...............................................................015
1.1.5　模型和數(shù)據(jù)..........................................................................017
1.1.6　數(shù)字主線.............................................................................018
1.2　數(shù)字孿生體的行業(yè)用途 ..................................................020
1.2.1　數(shù)字孿生體利益相關(guān)者 ........................................................020
1.2.2　行業(yè)數(shù)字孿生體應(yīng)用............................................................022
1.3　數(shù)字孿生體的價值主張 ..................................................025
1.3.1　降低復雜性以增強理解 ........................................................025
1.3.2　轉(zhuǎn)型價值 .............................................................................028
1.3.3　潛在價值 .............................................................................029
1.4　識別機會......................................................................031
1.5　小結(jié)............................................................................034
第 2 章 數(shù)字孿生體規(guī)劃............................................ 035
2.1　關(guān)鍵標準......................................................................036
2.2　預期的業(yè)務(wù)成果 ............................................................038
2.2.1　制造業(yè).................................................................................038
2.2.2　供應(yīng)鏈管理..........................................................................045
2.3　實現(xiàn)數(shù)字孿生體的先決條件 ............................................047
2.4　組織因素......................................................................050
2.4.1　數(shù)字技術(shù)和人才...................................................................052
2.4.2　生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和聯(lián)盟...................................................................052
2.4.3　組織結(jié)構(gòu)和文化...................................................................053
2.4.4　組織敏捷性的成果 ...............................................................053
2.5　技術(shù)需求......................................................................054
2.5.1　框架和模型..........................................................................054
2.5.2　連接性.................................................................................055
2.5.3　數(shù)據(jù)采集和存儲...................................................................056
2.5.4　邊緣計算 .............................................................................057
2.5.5　算法和分析..........................................................................057
2.5.6　平臺和應(yīng)用..........................................................................058
2.5.7　可視化.................................................................................058
2.5.8　信息和行動..........................................................................058
2.5.9　反饋....................................................................................059
2.5.10　軟件開發(fā)范式和低代碼 ......................................................059
2.6　小結(jié) ............................................................................060
2.7　思考題.........................................................................060
第二篇
構(gòu)建數(shù)字孿生體
第 3 章 確定第一個數(shù)字孿生體 .................................. 063
3.1　評估數(shù)字孿生體候選者 ..................................................064
3.1.1　工業(yè)集團 .............................................................................064
3.1.2　單一行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的大型企業(yè).....................................................069
3.1.3　公共部門實體 ......................................................................071
3.1.4　大型軟件公司或云服務(wù)提供商..............................................072
3.1.5　獨立軟件供應(yīng)商...................................................................073
3.1.6　大型系統(tǒng)集成商...................................................................074
3.1.7　小型服務(wù)公司 ......................................................................074
3.2　角色和職責...................................................................075
3.3　試驗和交互 ..................................................................080
3.3.1　敏捷宣言 .............................................................................080
3.3.2　版本....................................................................................082
3.3.3　史詩....................................................................................082
3.3.4　故事....................................................................................083
3.3.5　沖刺....................................................................................084
3.3.6　每日例會 .............................................................................084
3.3.7　測試用例 .............................................................................086
3.3.8　演示和用戶驗收...................................................................086
3.3.9　迭代....................................................................................087
3.4　最終候選者 ..................................................................087
3.5　小結(jié) ............................................................................088
3.6　思考題.........................................................................089
第 4 章 從第一個數(shù)字孿生體開始 ............................... 091
4.1　規(guī)劃框架......................................................................092
4.1.1　項目規(guī)劃框架 ......................................................................092
4.1.2　解決方案規(guī)劃框架 ...............................................................099
4.2　驗證問題陳述和預期結(jié)果 ...............................................101
4.3　探索數(shù)字孿生體開發(fā)的業(yè)務(wù)流程......................................102
4.4　考慮技術(shù)因素 ...............................................................103
4.4.1　資產(chǎn)管理殼..........................................................................104
4.4.2　數(shù)字孿生體定義語言............................................................108
4.5　探索數(shù)字孿生體的數(shù)字平臺............................................113
4.5.1　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺..........................................................................113
4.5.2　業(yè)務(wù)流程管理平臺 ...............................................................115
4.5.3　分析和數(shù)據(jù)平臺...................................................................116
4.5.4　應(yīng)用平臺.............................................................................116
4.6　小結(jié)............................................................................117
第 5 章 設(shè)置數(shù)字孿生體原型...................................... 119
5.1　確定數(shù)字孿生體平臺......................................................119
5.1.1　資產(chǎn)所有者的視角 ...............................................................120
5.1.2　所需的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能 ...............................................................121
5.1.3　構(gòu)建與購買功能...................................................................123
5.2　為數(shù)字孿生體評估公共云、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和專業(yè)平臺...................124
5.2.1　微軟 Azure　Digital　Twins...............................................125
5.2.2　AWS 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺 ................................................................126
5.2.3　甲骨文公司的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用.....................................................129
5.2.4　PTC ThingWorx ................................................................131
5.2.5　XMPro ...............................................................................132
5.3　配置和設(shè)置 ..................................................................134
5.4　Azure 數(shù)字孿生體的數(shù)據(jù)考量 ........................................146
5.5　解決方案架構(gòu) ...............................................................148
5.6　小結(jié)............................................................................149
5.7　思考題.........................................................................149
第 6 章 構(gòu)建數(shù)字孿生體原型...................................... 151
6.1　技術(shù)要求......................................................................152
6.2　數(shù)字孿生體的開發(fā)過程 ..................................................152
6.2.1　作為數(shù)字孿生體原型的風力渦輪機.......................................152
6.2.2　風力渦輪機的基礎(chǔ)知識和高級數(shù)據(jù)模型 ................................153
6.2.3　使用本體定義數(shù)字孿生體模型..............................................156
6.2.4　將模型上傳到 Azure　Digital　Twins 實例.........................165
6.2.5　為風電場和風力渦輪機配置數(shù)字孿生體實例 .........................166
6.3　測試框架......................................................................171
6.3.1　創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序以通過代碼更新數(shù)字孿生體原型......................171
6.3.2　以低代碼方式創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序并更新數(shù)字孿生體原型...............176
6.4　技術(shù)評估注意事項.........................................................180
6.5　業(yè)務(wù)驗證和理解............................................................182
6.6　小結(jié)............................................................................185
6.7　思考題.........................................................................185
第 7 章 部署和價值跟蹤............................................ 187
7.1　數(shù)字孿生體的功能測試 ..................................................188
7.1.1　測試數(shù)字孿生體基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施.....................................................188
7.1.2　測試數(shù)字孿生體應(yīng)用程序.....................................................191
7.2　試點運行......................................................................195
7.2.1　試點實施范圍 ......................................................................197
7.2.2　試點階段的成功標準............................................................199
7.2.3　試點解決方案的時間表和階段..............................................200
7.2.4　展示試點結(jié)果 ......................................................................201
7.3　全面部署......................................................................207
7.3.1　全面實現(xiàn)方法 ......................................................................208
7.3.2　大爆炸方法..........................................................................208
第三篇
增強數(shù)字孿生體
第 8 章 強化數(shù)字孿生體............................................ 221
8.1　定義孿生體的孿生體......................................................222
8.1.1　標準的作用..........................................................................224
8.1.2　設(shè)定發(fā)展愿景 ......................................................................226
8.2　評估整個系統(tǒng)中的第一個數(shù)字孿生體 ...............................226
8.2.1　分階段方法的理由 ...............................................................228
8.2.2　收益量化 .............................................................................229
8.3　識別相關(guān)的數(shù)字孿生體 ..................................................231
8.4　規(guī)劃復合孿生體............................................................233
8.4.1　水電數(shù)字孿生體...................................................................235
8.4.2　太陽能發(fā)電廠的數(shù)字孿生體 .................................................237
8.4.3　太陽能光伏和風力渦輪機混合發(fā)電廠....................................241
8.4.4　可再生能源發(fā)電的創(chuàng)新 ........................................................242
8.5　增強功能和后續(xù)步驟......................................................244
8.5.1　企業(yè)級數(shù)字孿生體解決方案推廣所涉及的主要系統(tǒng)...............244
8.5.2　數(shù)字孿生體卓越中心............................................................246
8.6　小結(jié)............................................................................247
8.7　思考題.........................................................................247
附錄 ......................................................................... 249
聯(lián)實數(shù)字公司首席執(zhí)行官威廉的數(shù)字孿生體主題專訪記錄 ................249
通用電氣可再生能源公司的數(shù)字服務(wù)首席技術(shù)官安瓦爾·艾哈邁德的數(shù)字
孿生體主題專訪記錄........................................................................252