數(shù)字邏輯（第三版）

第 1 章 數(shù)制與編碼 .............................................................................................................. 1
1-1 數(shù)字邏輯概述 ......................................................................................................................1
1-1-1 數(shù)字系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................................1
1-1-2 片上系統(tǒng).................................................................................................................3
1-2 數(shù)制及其轉(zhuǎn)換 ......................................................................................................................5
1-2-1 十進(jìn)制 ....................................................................................................................5
1-2-2 二進(jìn)制 ....................................................................................................................6
1-2-3 八進(jìn)制 ....................................................................................................................6
1-2-4 十六進(jìn)制.................................................................................................................6
1-2-5 數(shù)制轉(zhuǎn)換.................................................................................................................7
1-3 帶符號(hào)二進(jìn)制數(shù)的代碼表示 .............................................................................................12
1-3-1 機(jī)器碼與真值.......................................................................................................12
1-3-2 原碼 ......................................................................................................................12
1-3-3 反碼 ......................................................................................................................13
1-3-4 補(bǔ)碼 ......................................................................................................................14
1-3-5 數(shù)碼運(yùn)算...............................................................................................................15
1-4 編碼....................................................................................................................................17
1-4-1 BCD 碼..................................................................................................................17
1-4-2 格雷碼 ..................................................................................................................18
1-4-3 奇偶檢驗(yàn)碼...........................................................................................................20
1-4-4 CRC 碼..................................................................................................................20
1-4-5 ASCII 碼................................................................................................................21
小結(jié) .............................................................................................................................................22
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................................................22
第 2 章 邏輯代數(shù)基礎(chǔ) ......................................................................................................... 23
2-1 邏輯代數(shù)的基本定理和規(guī)則 .............................................................................................23
2-1-1 邏輯代數(shù)公理.......................................................................................................23
2-1-2 邏輯代數(shù)定理.......................................................................................................23
2-1-3 邏輯代數(shù)規(guī)則.......................................................................................................25
2-2 邏輯函數(shù)的表示方法.........................................................................................................27
2-2-1 邏輯表達(dá)式...........................................................................................................27
2-2-2 真值表 ..................................................................................................................27
2-2-3 邏輯圖 ..................................................................................................................28
2-3 邏輯函數(shù)表達(dá)形式與變換.................................................................................................28
CONTENTS ???
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數(shù)字邏輯(第三版)
2-3-1 積之和 ..................................................................................................................29
2-3-2 和之積 ..................................................................................................................29
2-3-3 zui小項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式...................................................................................................29
2-3-4 zui大項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式...................................................................................................31
2-4 邏輯函數(shù)的化簡(jiǎn) ................................................................................................................34
2-4-1 與或式的化簡(jiǎn).......................................................................................................34
2-4-2 或與式的化簡(jiǎn).......................................................................................................36
2-5 卡諾圖................................................................................................................................37
2-5-1 卡諾圖構(gòu)成...........................................................................................................37
2-5-2 典型卡諾圈...........................................................................................................39
2-5-3 卡諾圖化簡(jiǎn)...........................................................................................................42
2-5-4 無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)的卡諾圖表示 ...........................................................................................45
小結(jié) .............................................................................................................................................46
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................................................47
第 3 章 組合邏輯 ............................................................................................................... 49
3-1 門(mén)電路................................................................................................................................49
3-1-1 二極管、三極管門(mén)電路 .......................................................................................49
3-1-2 TTL 門(mén)電路...........................................................................................................52
3-1-3 CMOS 門(mén)電路........................................................................................................57
3-2 組合邏輯分析 ....................................................................................................................59
3-2-1 分析步驟...............................................................................................................59
3-2-2 分析實(shí)例...............................................................................................................60
3-3 組合邏輯設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................................62
3-3-1 設(shè)計(jì)步驟...............................................................................................................62
3-3-2 問(wèn)題的描述...........................................................................................................62
3-3-3 設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例...............................................................................................................65
3-3-4 不完全項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì).......................................................................................................68
3-4 組合邏輯電路的險(xiǎn)象.........................................................................................................70
3-4-1 險(xiǎn)象的產(chǎn)生...........................................................................................................71
3-4-2 險(xiǎn)象的判斷...........................................................................................................71
3-4-3 險(xiǎn)象的解決...........................................................................................................72
3-5 常用的中規(guī)模組合邏輯構(gòu)件的使用..................................................................................73
3-5-1 譯碼器 ..................................................................................................................74
3-5-2 編碼器 ..................................................................................................................81
3-5-3 多路選擇器...........................................................................................................83
3-5-4 比較器 ..................................................................................................................88
3-5-5 加法器 ..................................................................................................................89
3-5-6 ALU.......................................................................................................................93
目 錄
3
小結(jié) .............................................................................................................................................98
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................................................99
第 4 章 同步時(shí)序邏輯 ....................................................................................................... 102
4-1 時(shí)序邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)模型...........................................................................................................102
4-1-1 結(jié)構(gòu)模型.............................................................................................................102
4-1-2 時(shí)序電路的分類(lèi).................................................................................................104
4-2 觸發(fā)器..............................................................................................................................104
4-2-1 RS 觸發(fā)器...........................................................................................................104
4-2-2 D 觸發(fā)器.............................................................................................................107
4-2-3 JK 觸發(fā)器 ...........................................................................................................109
4-2-4 T 觸發(fā)器 .............................................................................................................113
4-2-5 不同類(lèi)型時(shí)鐘觸發(fā)器間的轉(zhuǎn)換..........................................................................113
4-2-6 集成觸發(fā)器的參數(shù) .............................................................................................118
4-3 同步時(shí)序邏輯分析...........................................................................................................119
4-3-1 特性函數(shù).............................................................................................................119
4-3-2 激勵(lì)表 ................................................................................................................119
4-3-3 狀態(tài)圖、狀態(tài)表.................................................................................................119
4-3-4 波形圖 ................................................................................................................121
4-3-5 分析實(shí)例.............................................................................................................121
4-4 同步時(shí)序邏輯設(shè)計(jì)...........................................................................................................126
4-4-1 原始狀態(tài)圖和狀態(tài)表 .........................................................................................127
4-4-2 狀態(tài)表化簡(jiǎn).........................................................................................................131
4-4-3 狀態(tài)分配.............................................................................................................137
4-4-4 設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例.............................................................................................................141
4-5 常用的中規(guī)模同步時(shí)序邏輯構(gòu)件的使用........................................................................145
4-5-1 寄存器 ................................................................................................................145
4-5-2 計(jì)數(shù)器 ................................................................................................................148
小結(jié) ...........................................................................................................................................157
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................157
第 5 章 脈沖產(chǎn)生電路 ....................................................................................................... 161
5-1 多諧振蕩器 ......................................................................................................................161
5-1-1 TTL 環(huán)形振蕩器 .................................................................................................161
5-1-2 MOS 多諧振蕩器 ................................................................................................163
5-2 單穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器 ..................................................................................................................164
5-3 施密特觸發(fā)器 ..................................................................................................................166
5-4 555 定時(shí)器及其應(yīng)用........................................................................................................168
5-4-1 555 定時(shí)器..........................................................................................................168
5-4-2 單穩(wěn)態(tài)觸發(fā)器.....................................................................................................169
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數(shù)字邏輯(第三版)
5-4-3 多諧振蕩器.........................................................................................................170
5-4-4 施密特振蕩器.....................................................................................................171
小結(jié) ...........................................................................................................................................172
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................172
第 6 章 數(shù) / 模與模 / 數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換電路 .......................................................................................... 174
6-1 數(shù)/模轉(zhuǎn)換電路 .................................................................................................................174
6-1-1 權(quán)電阻網(wǎng)絡(luò) DAC ................................................................................................174
6-1-2 倒 T 形電阻網(wǎng)絡(luò) DAC ........................................................................................175
6-1-3 DAC 的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo).........................................................................................176
6-1-4 集成 DAC 舉例 ...................................................................................................177
6-1-5 DAC 轉(zhuǎn)換器應(yīng)用舉例.........................................................................................179
6-2 模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換電路 .................................................................................................................181
6-2-1 逐次比較型 ADC ................................................................................................184
6-2-2 雙積分型 ADC ....................................................................................................187
6-2-3 ADC 的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo).........................................................................................189
6-2-4 集成 ADC 舉例 ...................................................................................................189
6-2-5 ADC 應(yīng)用舉例 ....................................................................................................191
小結(jié) ...........................................................................................................................................193
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................193
第 7 章 編程邏輯 ............................................................................................................. 195
7-1 陣列示意圖 ......................................................................................................................195
7-1-1 ROM....................................................................................................................195
7-1-2 陣列示意圖概述.................................................................................................196
7-2 CPLD ................................................................................................................................198
7-2-1 PLA.....................................................................................................................198
7-2-2 PAL.....................................................................................................................199
7-2-3 GAL.....................................................................................................................200
7-2-4 CPLD 簡(jiǎn)介 ..........................................................................................................201
7-2-5 CPLD 編程原理...................................................................................................203
7-3 FPGA................................................................................................................................204
7-3-1 FPGA 編程原理 ..................................................................................................204
7-3-2 Altera FPGA 典型結(jié)構(gòu)........................................................................................205
7-3-3 Xilinx FPGA 典型結(jié)構(gòu)........................................................................................209
7-4 VHDL ...............................................................................................................................212
7-4-1 VHDL 概述 .........................................................................................................212
7-4-2 VHDL 基本結(jié)構(gòu)..................................................................................................213
7-4-3 VHDL 數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型與表達(dá)式 ..................................................................................214
7-4-4 VHDL 基本語(yǔ)句..................................................................................................219
目 錄
5
7-4-5 ModelSim 仿真 ....................................................................................................225
7-4-6 組合邏輯設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例 .............................................................................................231
7-4-7 時(shí)序邏輯設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例 .............................................................................................238
小結(jié) ...........................................................................................................................................245
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................246
第 8 章 數(shù)字系統(tǒng)綜合設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 247
8-1 設(shè)計(jì)流程..........................................................................................................................247
8-2 七段 LED 顯示.................................................................................................................248
8-2-1 LED 顯示原理.....................................................................................................248
8-2-2 電路設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................249
8-2-3 VHDL 設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................250
8-3 交通燈控制 ......................................................................................................................252
8-3-1 系統(tǒng)需求.............................................................................................................252
8-3-2 狀態(tài)分析.............................................................................................................253
8-3-3 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).............................................................................................................253
8-3-4 模塊 VHDL 描述.................................................................................................253
8-3-5 仿真與運(yùn)行結(jié)果.................................................................................................258
8-4 ADC 0804 數(shù)據(jù)采集.........................................................................................................258
8-4-1 ADC 0804 時(shí)序 ...................................................................................................258
8-4-2 原理圖 ................................................................................................................259
8-4-3 VHDL 設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................259
8-5 單周期 CPU 描述 .............................................................................................................261
8-5-1 MIPS 處理器概述 ...............................................................................................261
8-5-2 指令描述.............................................................................................................262
8-5-3 微結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................................263
8-6 單周期 CPU 設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................................265
8-6-1 指令執(zhí)行步驟.....................................................................................................265
8-6-2 取指令(IF)邏輯設(shè)計(jì)......................................................................................265
8-6-3 指令譯碼(ID)邏輯設(shè)計(jì)..................................................................................266
8-6-4 指令執(zhí)行(EXE)邏輯設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................270
8-6-5 存儲(chǔ)器訪問(wèn)(MEM)邏輯設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................270
8-6-6 結(jié)果寫(xiě)回(WB)邏輯設(shè)計(jì)................................................................................270
8-6-7 系統(tǒng)邏輯設(shè)計(jì)及仿真 .........................................................................................271
小結(jié) ...........................................................................................................................................273
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................274
附錄 A 邏輯符號(hào)對(duì)照表 .................................................................................................... 275
附錄 B Quartus II 開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 .............................................................................................. 278
參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................................ 292