魯迅雜文選

　　我之節(jié)烈觀“世道澆漓，人心日下，國(guó)將不國(guó)”這一類話，本是中國(guó)歷來的嘆聲。不過時(shí)代不同，則所謂“日下”的事情，也有遷變：從前指的是甲事，現(xiàn)在嘆的或是乙事。除了“進(jìn)呈御覽”的東西不敢妄說外，其余的文章議論里，一向就帶這口吻。因?yàn)槿绱藝@息，不但針砭世人，還可以從“日下”之中，除去自己。所以君子固然相對(duì)慨嘆，連殺人放火嫖妓騙錢以及一切鬼混的人，也都乘作惡余暇，搖著頭說道，“他們?nèi)诵娜障铝恕！笔里L(fēng)人心這件事，不但鼓吹壞事，可以“日下”；即使未曾鼓吹，只是旁觀，只是賞玩，只是嘆息，也可以叫他“日下”。所以近一年來，居然也有幾個(gè)不肯徒托空言的人，嘆息一番之后，還要想法子來挽救。第一個(gè)是康有為，指手畫腳的說“虛君共和”才好，陳獨(dú)秀便斥他不興；其次是一班靈學(xué)派的人，不知何以起了極古奧的思想，要請(qǐng)“孟圣矣乎”的鬼來畫策；陳百年錢玄同劉半農(nóng)又道他胡說。MYVIEWSONCHASTITY"Theworldisgoingtothedogs！Menaregrowingmoredegenerateeveryday！Thecountryisfacedwithruin！"：suchlamentshavebeenheardinChinasincetimeimmemorial.But"degeneracy"variesfromagetoage.Itusedtomeanonething，nowitmeansanother.Exceptinmemorialstothethroneandthelike，inwhichnoonedaresmakewildstatements，thisisthetoneofallwrittenandspokenpronouncements.Fornotonlyissuchcarpinggoodforpeople;itremovesthespeakerfromtheranksofthedegenerate.Thatgentlemensighwhentheymeetisonlynatural.Butnowevenmurderers，incendiaries，libertines，swindlersandotherscoundrelsshaketheirheadsintheintervalsbetweentheircrimesandmutter："Menaregrow-ingmoredegenerateeveryday！"Asfarasmoralitygoes，inciterstoevilarenottheonlydegenerates.Soarethosewhosimplycondoneit，delightinitordeploreit.Thatiswhysomementhisyearhaveactuallynotcontentedthemselveswithemptytalk，butafterexpress-ingtheirhorrorhavelookedroundforaremedy.ThefirstwasKangYu-wei.Stampingandsawingtheair，hedeclared"con-stitutionalmonarchy"thepanacea.HewasrefutedbyChenTu-hsiu，2whowasfollowedbythespiritualistswhosome-howorotherhitontheweirdideaofinvitingtheghostofMenciustodeviseapolicyforthem.However，ChertPai-nien，ChienHsuan-tungandLiuPan-hung3sweartheyaretalkingnonsense.這兒篇駁論，都是《新青年》里最可寒心的文章。時(shí)候已是二十世紀(jì)了；人類眼前，早已閃出曙光。假如《新青年》里，有一篇和別人辯地球方圓的文字，讀者見了，怕一定要發(fā)怔。然而現(xiàn)今所辯，正和說地體不方相差無幾。將時(shí)代和事實(shí)，對(duì)照起來，怎能不教人寒心而且害怕？近來虛君共和是不提了，靈學(xué)似乎還在那里搗鬼，此時(shí)卻又有一群人，不能滿足；仍然搖頭說道，“人心日下”了。于是又想出一種挽救的方法；他們叫作“表彰節(jié)烈”！這類妙法，自從君政復(fù)古時(shí)代以來，上上下下，已經(jīng)提倡多年；此刻不過是豎起旗幟的時(shí)候。文章議論里，也照例時(shí)常出現(xiàn)，都嚷道“表彰節(jié)烈”！要不說這件事，也不能將自己提拔，出于“人心日下”之中。ThosearticlesrefutingtheminNewYouthareenoughtomakeanyone'sbloodruncold.Thisisthetwentiethcentury，anddawnhasalreadybrokenonmankind.IfNewYouthweretocarryanarticledebatingwhethertheearthweresquareorround，readerswouldalmostcertainlysitup.Yettheirpresentargumentsareprettywellonaparwithcontendingthattheearthisnotsquare.Thatsuchadebateshouldcontinueto-dayisenoughtomakeanyone'sbloodruncold！Thoughconstitutionalmonarchyisnolongerdiscussed，thespiritualistsstillseemtobegoingstrong.Buttheyhavefailedtosatisfyanothergroup，whocontinuedtoshaketheirheadsandmutter："Menaregrowingmoredegenerateeveryday！"These，infact，havethoughtupadifferentremedy，whichtheycall"extollingchastity."Formanyyearsnow，eversincethefailureofthereform-istsandthecallforareturntothepast，deviceslikethishavebeengenerallyapproved：allwearedoingnowisraisingtheoldbanners.Moreover，instepwiththis，writersandpublicspeakerskeepsingingthepraisesofchastity.Thisistheironlywaytoriseabovethosewhoare"growingmoredegen-erateeveryday."……P2-5

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