電力電子學：變換器、應用和設計

PART1INTRODUCTION1
ChapterIPowerElectronicSystems3
1-1Introduction3
1-2PowerElectronicsversusLinearElectronics4
1-3ScopeandApplications7
1-4ClassificationofPowerProcessorsandConverters9
1-5AbouttheText12
1-6InterdisciplinaryNatureofPowerElectronics13
1-7ConventionofSymbolsUsed14
Problems14
References15
Chapter2OverviewofPowerSemiconductorSwitches16
2-1Introduction16
2-2Diodes16
2-3Thyristors18
2-4DesiredCharacteristicsinControllableSwitches20
2-5BipolarJunctionTransistorsandMonolithicDarlingtons24
2-6Metal-Oxide-SemiconductorFieldEffectTransistors25
2-7Gate-Turn-OffThyristors26
2-8InsulatedGateBipolarTransistors27
2-9MOS-ControlledThyristors29
2-10ComparisonofControllableSwitches29
2-11DriveandSnubberCircuits30
2-12JustificationforUsingIdealizedDeviceCharacteristics31
Summary32
Problems32
References32
Chapter3ReviewofBasicElectricalandMagneticCircuitConcepts33
3-1Introduction33
3-2ElectricCircuits33
3-3MagneticCircuits46
Summary57
Problems58
References60
Chapter4ComputerSimulationofPowerElectronicConvertersandSystems61
4-1Introduction61
4-2ChallengesinComputerSimulation62
4-3SimulationProcess62
4-4MechanicsofSimulation64
4-5SolutionTechniquesforTime-DomainAnalysis65
4-6WidelyUsed,Circuit-OrientedSimulators69
4-7EquationSolvers72
Summary74
Problems74
References75
PART2GENERICPOWERELECTRONICCIRCUITS77
Chapter5Line-FrequencyDiodeRectifiers:Line-FrequencyacUncontrolleddc79
5-1Introduction79
5-2BasicRectifierConcepts80
5-3Single-PhaseDiodeBridgeRectifiers82
5-4Voltage-Doubler(Single-Phase)Rectifiers100
5-5EffectofSingle-PhaseRectifiersonNeutralCurrentsinThree-Phase,Four-WireSystems101
5-6Three-Phase,Full-BridgeRectifiers103
5-7ComparisonofSingle-PhaseandThree-PhaseRectifiers112
5-8InrushCurrentandOvervoltagesatTurn-On112
5-9ConcernsandRemediesforLine-CurrentHarmonicsandLowPowerFactor113
Summary113
Problems114
References116
Appendix117
Chapter6Line-FrequencyPhase-ControlledRectifiersandInverters:Line-FrequencyacControlledde121
6-1Introduction121
6-2ThyristorCircuitsandTheirControl122
6-3Single-PhaseConverters126
6-4Three-PhaseConverters138
6-5OtherThree-PhaseConverters153
Summary153
Problems154
References157
Appendix158
Chapter7dc-deSwitch-ModeConverters161
7-1Introduction161
7-2Controlofdc--dcConverters162
7-3Step-Down(Buck)Converter164
7-4Step-Up(Boost)Converter172
7-5Buck-BoostConverter178
7-6Ctikdc-dcConverter184
7-7FullBridgedc-dcConverter188
7-8dc-dcConverterComparison195
Summary196
Problems197
References199
Chapter8Switch-Modedc-acInverters:deSinusoidalac200
8-1Introduction200
8-2BasicConceptsofSwitch-ModeInverters202
8-3Single-PhaseInverters211
8-4Three-PhaseInverters225
8-5EffectofBlankingTimeonOutputVoltageinPWMInverters236
8-6OtherInverterSwitchingSchemes239
8-7RectifierModeofOperation243
Summary244
Problems246
References248
Chapter9ResonantConverters:Zero-Voltageand/orZero-CurrentSwitchings249
9-1Introduction249
9-2ClassificationofResonantConverters252
9-3BasicResonantCircuitConcepts253
9-4Load-ResonantConverters258
9-5Resonant-SwitchConverters273
9-6Zero-Voltage-Switching,Clamped-VoltageTopologies280
9-7Resonant-dc-LinkInverterswithZero-VoltageSwitchings287
9-8High-Frequency-LinkIntegral-Half-CycleConverters289
Summary291
Problems291
References295
PART3POWERSUPPLYAPPLICATIONS299
Chapter10SwitchingdePowerSupplies301
10-1Introduction301
10-2LinearPowerSupplies301
10-3OverviewofSwitchingPowerSupplies302
10-4dc-dcConverterswithElectricalIsolation304
10-5ControlofSwitch-ModedcPowerSupplies322
10-6PowerSupplyProtection341
10-7ElectricalIsolationintheFeedbackLoop344
10-8DesigningtoMeetthePowerSupplySpecifications346
Summary349
Problems349
References351
Chapter11PowerConditionersandUninterruptiblePowerSupplies354
11-1Introduction354
11-2PowerLineDisturbances354
11-3PowerConditioners357
11-4UninterruptiblePowerSupplies(UPSs)358
Summary363
Problems363
References364
PART4MOTORDRIVEAPPLICATIONS365
Chapter12IntroductiontoMotorDrives367
12-1Introduction367
12-2CriteriaforSelectingDriveComponents368
Summary375
Problems376
References376
Chapter13deMotorDrives377
13-1Introduction377
13-2EquivalentCircuitofdcMotors377
13-3Permanent-MagnetdcMotors380
13-4dcMotorswithaSeparatelyExcitedFieldWinding381
13-5EffectofArmatureCurrentWaveform382
13-6dcServoDrives383
13-7Adjustable-SpeeddcDrives391
Summary396
Problems396
References398
Chapter14InductionMotorDrives399
14-1Introduction399
14-2BasicPrinciplesofInductionMotorOperation400
14-3InductionMotorCharacteristicsatRated(Line)FrequencyandRatedVoltage405
14-4SpeedControlbyVaryingStatorFrequencyandVoltage406
14-5ImpactofNonsinusoidalExcitationonInductionMotors415
14-6Variable-FrequencyConverterClassifications418
14-7Variable-FrequencyPWM-VSIDrives419
14-8Variable-FrequencySquare-WaveVSIDrives425
14-9Variable-FrequencyCSIDrives426
14-10ComparisonofVariable-FrequencyDrives427
14-11Line-FrequencyVariable-VoltageDrives428
14-12ReducedVoltageStarting("SoftStart")ofInductionMotors430
14-13SpeedControlbyStaticSlipPowerRecovery431
Summary432
Problems433
References434
Chapter15SynchronousMotorDrives435
15-1Introduction435
15-2BasicPrinciplesofSynchronousMotorOperation435
15-3SynchronousServomotorDriveswithSinusoidalWaveforms439
15-4SynchronousServomotorDriveswithTrapezoidalWaveforms440
15-5Load-CommutatedInverterDrives442
15-6Cycloconverters445
Summary445
Problems446
References447
PART5OTHERAPPLICATIONS449
Chapter16ResidentialandIndustrialApplications451
16-1Introduction451
16-2ResidentialApplications451
16-3IndustrialApplications455
Summary459
Problems459
References459
Chapter17ElectricUtilityApplications460
17-1Introduction460
17-2High-voltagedcTransmission460
17-3StaticvarCompensators471
17-4InterconnectionofRenewableEnergySourcesandEnergyStorageSystemstotheUtilityGrid475
17-5ActiveFilters480
Summary480
Problems481
References482
Chapter18OptimizingtheUtilityInterfacewithPowerElectronicSystems483
18-1Introduction483
18-2GenerationofCurrentHarmonics484
18-3CurrentHarmonicsandPowerFactor485
184HarmonicStandardsandRecommendedPractices485
18-5NeedforImprovedUtilityInterface487
18-6ImprovedSingle-PhaseUtilityInterface488
18-7ImprovedThree-PhaseUtilityInterface498
18-8ElectromagneticInterference500
Summary502
Problems503
References503
PART6SEMICONDUCTORDEVICES505
Chapter19BasicSemiconductorPhysics507
19-1Introduction507
19-2ConductionProcessesinSemiconductors507
19-3pnJunctions513
19-4ChargeControlDescriptionofph-JunctionOperation518
19-5AvalancheBreakdown520
Summary522
Problems522
References523
Chapter20PowerDiodes524
20-1Introduction524
20-2BasicStructureandI-VCharacteristics524
20-3BreakdownVoltageConsiderations526
20-4On-StateLosses531
20-5SwitchingCharacteristics535
20-6Schottk-yDiodes539
Summary543
Problems543
References545
Chapter21BipolarJunctionTransistors546
21-1Introduction546
21-2VerticalPowerTransistorStructures546
21-3I-VCharacteristics548
21-4PhysicsofBJTOperation550
21-5SwitchingCharacteristics556
21-6BreakdownVoltages562
21-7SecondBreakdown563
21-8On-StateLosses565
21-9SafeOperatingAreas567
Summary568
Problems569
References570
Chapter22PowerMOSFETs571
22-1Introduction571
22-2BasicStructure571
22-3I-VCharacteristics574
22-4PhysicsofDeviceOperation576
22-5SwitchingCharacteristics581
22-6OperatingLimitationsandSafeOperatingAreas587
Summary593
Problems594
References595
Chapter23Thyristors596
23-1Introduction596
23-2BasicStructure596
23-3I-VCharacteristics597
23-4PhysicsofDeviceOperation599
23-5SwitchingCharacteristics603
23-6MethodsofImprovingdi/dtanddv/dtRatings608
Summary610
Problems611
References612
Chapter24GateTurn-OffThyristors613
24-1Introduction613
24-2BasicStructureandI-VCharacteristics613
24-3PhysicsofTurn-OffOperation614
24-4GTOSwitchingCharacteristics616
24-50vercurrentProtectionofGTOs623
Summary624
Problems624
References625
Chapter25InsulatedGateBipolarTransistors626
25-1Introduction626
25-2BasicStructure626
25-3I-VCharacteristics628
25-4PhysicsofDeviceOperation629
25-5LatchupinIGBTs631
25-6SwitchingCharacteristics634
25-7DeviceLimitsandSOAs637
Summary639
Problems639
References640
Chapter26EmergingDevicesandCircuits641
26-1Introduction641
26-2PowerJunctionFieldEffectTransistors641
26-3Field-ControlledThyristor646
26-4JFET-BasedDevicesversusOtherPowerDevices648
26-5MOS-ControlledThyristors649
26-6PowerIntegratedCircuits656
26-7NewSemiconductorMaterialsforPowerDevices661
Summary664
Problems665
References666
PART7PRACTICALCONVERTERDESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS667
Chapter27SnubberCircuits669
27-1FunctionandTypesofSnubberCircuits669
27-2DiodeSnubbers670
27-3SnubberCircuitsforThyristors678
27-4NeedforSnubberswithTransistors680
27-5Turn-OffSnubber682
27-6OvervoltageSnubber686
27-7Turn-OnSnubber688
27-8SnubbersforBridgeCircuitConfigurations691
27-9GTOSnubberConsiderations692
Summary693
Problems694
References695
Chapter28GateandBaseDriveCircuits696
28-1PreliminaryDesignConsiderations696
28-2dc-CoupledDriveCircuits697
28-3ElectricallyIsolatedDriveCircuits703
28-4Cascode-ConnectedDriveCircuits710
28-5ThyristorDriveCircuits712
28-6PowerDeviceProtectioninDriveCircuits717
28-7CircuitLayoutConsiderations722
Summary728
Problems729
References729
Chapter29ComponentTemperatureControlandHeatSinks730
29-1ControlofSemiconductorDeviceTemperatures730
29-2HeatTransferbyConduction731
29-3HeatSinks737
29-4HeatTransferbyRadiationandConvection739
Summary742
Problems743
References743
Chapter30DesignofMagneticComponents744
30-1MagneticMaterialsandCores744
30-2CopperWindings752
30-3ThermalConsiderations754
30-4AnalysisofaSpecificInductorDesign756
30-5InductorDesignProcedures760
30-6AnalysisofaSpecificTransformerDesign767
30-7EddyCurrents771
30-8TransformerLeakageInductance779
30-9TransformerDesignProcedure780
30-10ComparisonofTransformerandInductorSizes789
Summary789
Problems790
References792
Index793