描述翻譯學(xué)及其他

INTRODUCTION
ACaseforDescriptiveTranslationStudies
PARTONE
ThePivotalPositionofDescriptiveStudiesandDTS
1.Holmes''map'ofthediscipline
2.TheinternalorganizationofDTS
3.BetweenDTSandTranslationTheory
4.BetweenTranslationStudiesanditsappliedextensions
PARTTWO
ARationaleforDescriptiveTranslationStudies
Chapter1.TranslationsasFactsofa'Target'Culture
AnAssumptionandItsMethodologicalImplications
1.Approachingtranslationwithinatarget-orientedframework
2.Translationsasculturalfacts
3.Inneedofpropercontextualization
4.Thenotionofassumedtranslationanditscontents
5.Discoveryvs.justificationprocedures
ExcursusA.PseudotranslationsandTheirSignificance
1.Someusesofpseudotranslating
2.PseudotranslationsandTranslationStudies
3.TheenlighteningcaseofPapaHamlet
Chapter2.TheNatureandRoleofNormsinTranslation
1.Rules,norms,idiosyncrasies
2.Translationasanorm-governedactivity
3.Translationalnorms:Anoverview
4.Themultiplicityoftranslationalnorms
5.Studyingtranslationalnorms
Chapter3.ConstitutingaMethodforDescriptiveStudies
1.Assumedtranslationsandtheiracceptability
2.Typesofcomparisonattheinitialstage
3.Comingupwiththeappropriatesourcetext
4.(Translation)solutionsand(source)problems
5.Prospectivevs.retrospectivestancesexemplifiedbymetaphor
6.Uncoveringtheunderlyingconceptoftranslation
Chapter4.TheCoupledPairofReplacing+ReplacedSegments
1.Theneedforaunitofcomparativeanalysis
2.Anexemplaryanalysisofonepairoftexts
3.Justifyingtheuseofthecoupledpair
4.Testingthecouplinghypothesisinrealtime
Chapter5.AnExemplary'StudyinDescriptiveStudies'
ConjointPhrasesasTranslationalSolutions
1.Thephrases'significanceassured
2.Theuseofbinomialsintranslatedtexts
3.Shifts,relationships,first-levelgeneralizations
4.Second-levelgeneralizationsandfurtherresearchprospects
5.Applyingresearchfindingsinactualtranslation
PARTTHREE
Translation-in-Context
AnAssortmentofCaseStudies
Chapter6.Betweena'GoldenPoem'anda
ShakespeareanSonnet
1.Priorto1916:Ameaningfulvoid
2.1916-1923:Modified'GoldenPoems'
3.1929:Analternativepointofdeparture
4.MovingawayfromtheGoldenPoem
5.1943onwards:Amixedsituation
6.Aglimpseintothefuture
Chapter7.ALessonfromIndirectTranslation
1.Mediatedtranslationsasanobjectforstudy
2.The'German'periodinHebrewliterature
2.1Theconceptoftranslation
2.2Thesymptomaticstatusofindirecttranslation
2.3TheroleofGermancultureasasupplier
2.4TranslatingEnglishliteratureviaGerman
3.Movingintotherevivalperiod
3.1TheRussification'ofHebrewliterature
3.2ThepositionofGermanandEnglish
3.3TheRussifiedmodelandtranslationfromotherlanguages
4.TheAnglicizationofHebrewliterature
Chapter8.LiteraryOrganizationandTranslationStrategies
ATextIsSiftedThroughaMediatingModel
1.Addedrhymesandverbalformulation
2.Addinga[fictional]epicsituationandtighteningtheoverallstructure
3.Whatwassowrongwiththeoriginalmodel?
4.Amediatingmodelanditsorigin
5.Externalsourcevs.internallegitimation
6.Enhancingthetranslation'sacceptability
7.Wasthereanyalternative?
8.Appendix:"DasSchlaraffenland"and"Gan-Edenha-taxton'
ExcursusB.'TranslationofLiteraryTexts'vs.
'LiteraryTranslation'
1.Thetwosensesof'literarytranslation'
2.'Linguistic','textual'and'literary'modesoftranslation
3.'Literarytranslation'andtarget-orientedness
4.Culturaldistanceandthegapbetweenthetwosensesof
'literarytranslation'
5.Appendix:27Englishtranslationsofthe"Crow"haiku
Chapter9.StudyingInterimSolutions
PossibilitiesandImplications
1.Tryingtocloseinonthe'littleblackbox'
2.Tracingtheemergenceofatranslation
3.PossibleimplicationsforTranslationTheory
Chapter10.ATranslationComesintoBeing
Hamlet'sMonologueinHebrew
1.Thematerialsunderstudy
2.Prosodicconstraintsandtheunitofconsideration
3.Usingrevisionstouncoverconstraints
4.Conclusionsandimplications
Chapter11.Translation-SpecificLexicalItems
andTheirLexicographicalTreatment
1.Translationspecificity
2.Translation-specificlexicalitems
3.Translation-specificlexemesascandidatesforthedictionary
4.The'meaning'oftranslation-specificitems
S.Submittingtranslationstolexicalstudy
6.Towardsexemplarydictionaryentries
Chapter12.ExperimentationinTranslationStudies
Achievements,ProspectsandSomePitfalls
1.Empiricalsciencesandempiricalmethods
2.Product-orientedempiricalstudies
2.1CIozetests
2.2Theuseofquestionnaires
3.Process-orientedempiricalstudies
3.1Thinking-AloudProtocols
4.Concludingremarks
ExcursusC.ABilingualSpeakerBecomesaTranslator
ATentativeDevelopmentalModel
1.Naturevs.nurtureinthemakingoftranslators
2.Aninnatenesshypothesisisnotenough
3.Themakingofa'native'translator
4.Howwouldadevelopmentalmodelbevalidated?
5.Possibleimplicationsfortranslatortraining
PARTFOUR
BeyondDescriptiveStudies
TowardsLawsofTranslationalBehaviour
1.Non-lawlikegeneralizations
2.Theprobabilisticnatureoftranslationallaws
3.Twoexemplarylaws
3.1Thelawofgrowingstandardization
3.2Firststepstowardsalawofinterference
References
SubjectIndex
Authorindex